Willow Search Results (fwd)

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Date: Sun, 2 Feb 1997 16:58:09 -0800
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#    WILLOW SEARCH RESULTS: Sun Feb 02 16:57:47 1997
#             CONNECTED to: MEDLINE: Biomedicine, 1990-
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#             Author : krummel
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Document 4 
AN   96362571.
AU   Krummel-D-A.  Seligson-F-H.  Guthrie-H-A.
IN   West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown.
TI   Hyperactivity: is candy causal?
SO   Crit-Rev-Food-Sci-Nutr.  1996 Jan.  36(1-2).  P 31-47.
JT   CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION.
AB   Adverse behavioral responses to ingestion of any kind of candy
     have been reported repeatedly in the lay press. Parents and
     teachers alike attribute excessive motor activity and other
     disruptive behaviors to candy consumption. However, anecdotal
     observations of this kind need to be tested scientifically
     before conclusions can be drawn, and criteria for interpreting
     diet behavior studies must be rigorous. Ingredients in
     nonchocolate candy (sugar, artificial food colors), components
     in chocolate candy (sugar, artificial food colors in coatings,
     caffeine), and chocolate itself have been investigated for any
     adverse effects on behavior. Feingold theorized that food
     additives (artificial colors and flavors) and natural
     salicylates caused hyperactivity in children and elimination
     of these components would result in dramatic improvement in
     behavior. Numerous double-blind studies of the Feingold
     hypothesis have led to the rejection of the idea that this
     elimination diet has any benefit beyond the normal placebo
     effect. Although sugar is widely believed by the public to
     cause hyperactive behavior, this has not been scientifically
     substantiated. Twelve double-blind, placebo-controlled studies
     of sugar challenges failed to provide any evidence that sugar
     ingestion leads to untoward behavior in children with
     Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder or in normal
     children. Likewise, none of the studies testing candy or
     chocolate found any negative effect of these foods on
     behavior. For children with behavioral problems, diet-oriented
     treatment does not appear to be appropriate. Rather,
     clinicians treating these children recommend a
     multidisciplinary approach. The goal of diet treatment is to
     ensure a balanced diet with adequate energy and nutrients for
     optimal growth.